Genetics Primer for Exercise Science and Health or Simple Everyday Diabetic Meals

Genetics Primer for Exercise Science and Health

Author: Stephen M Roth

Genetics Primer for Exercise Science and Health is the first text dedicated to the basic concepts of genetics in relation to the broad range of topics in exercise science and health. Author Stephen M. Roth, PhD, makes the content comprehensible for readers who are unfamiliar with genetics without sacrificing the foundational and critical understanding necessary for interpreting research findings and incorporating genetics into research programs.

Genetics Primer for Exercise Science and Health maintains a practical focus and addresses common concerns when preparing to study genetics, such as how to use online search tools to identify existing research literature and how to identify and select candidate genes using genome databases. Through this text, readers will discover these concepts:

• The basics of DNA and genetics as they relate to health, physical activity, and sport


• Specific skills and strategies for interpreting and applying genetics findings in research


• How genetics research may affect sport performance training and clinical practice


• The ethical issues raised by genetics in society and sport

Special focus sections are incorporated throughout the text, providing expanded discussions of interesting topics in each chapter. Students see examples of how the principles described in the book have played out in real-life research, and they receive explicit instructions on planning and interpreting genetics research. Pedagogical aids such as summaries, key terms, and review questions also make this text ideal for efficient learning.

Part I presents readers with the basic biology and geneticsinformation they need in order to understand and apply the information to exercise science. Part II explores the research and design methods that will help readers interpret and apply their findings. Part III addresses some of the current research findings in the area of genetics in exercise and health and discusses current issues in the field, including the potential for misuse of new genetic technologies and the ethics involved in gene doping.

Genetics Primer for Exercise Science and Health is the second volume in Human Kinetics' Primers in Exercise Science series, which provides students and professionals with a nonintimidating basic understanding of the science behind its topic and, where appropriate, how that science is applied. These books are written by leading researchers and teachers in their respective areas of expertise. The authors present in an easy-to-understand manner the essential concepts in dynamic, complex areas of scientific knowledge. The books in the series are ideal for researchers and professionals who need some background in an unfamiliar scientific area. The books also function as accessible basic references for those who will be returning to the material often. This particular book adds a health dimension to the exercise science focus of the series, with discussions on disease- and health-related information.

Genetic research will play an important role in the future practice of exercise science and health, requiring students and professionals to have this basic knowledge for success in their careers. Through its practical presentation of current and basic topics, Genetics Primer for Exercise Science and Health makes the case for more universities to introduce genetics courses to their curricula. Having the essential topics of genetics in a single, practical introductory text will facilitate the work of instructors, students, and professionals.

Table of Contents:

Preface
Acknowledgments

Part I. Basics of Genetics

Chapter 1. Individual Differences: The Role of Genetics in Exercise Science and Health
Hidden Aspect of Average Values
Why Do We See Variation in a Physical Trait?
Summary
Learning Aids

Chapter 2. DNA, RNA, and Protein
Basic Cell Biology
DNA
Our Genetic Material as Chromosomes
Special Focus: The Human Genome Project
RNA
Amino Acids and Proteins
Structure of Genes
Summary
Learning Aids

Chapter 3. Transcription, Translation, and the Genetic Code
Moving From DNA to RNA: Transcription
Posttranscriptional Modifications of RNA
Moving From RNA to Protein: Translation
Posttranslational Modifications of Proteins
Genetic Code
Summary
Learning Aids

Chapter 4. Moving Genetic Material to the Next Generation
Basic Reproduction
Sex Cell Production and Meiosis
Special Focus: Mitosis Versus Meiosis
Chromosomal Recombination
Mendelian Inheritance Patterns
Summary
Learning Aids

Chapter 5. Heritability and the Basics of Genetic Variation
Familial Resemblance: Genes and Environment
Heritability as a Measure of Genetic Contribution
Special Focus: Twin and Family Studies
Genetic Variation
Types of Genetic Variation
Special Focus: Labeling Polymorphisms
How Genetic Variation Can Influence Physical Traits
How Do Polymorphisms Arise? Genetic Variation and Evolution
Summary
Learning Aids

Chapter 6. Genetic Variation and Disease
Mendelian Disease Genetics
Special Focus: Muscular Dystrophy
Complex Disease
Special Focus: Obesity asa Complex Trait
Gene x Environment Interactions
Gene x Gene Interactions
Summary
Learning Aids

Chapter 7. Linkage Disequilibrium, Haplotype, and Environmental Interaction
Recombination Revisited
Linkage Disequilibrium
Linkage Analysis in Families
Haplotype: Combinations of Neighboring Alleles
Special Focus: The International HapMap Project
Diplotype: Combinations of Haplotypes
Gene x Environment Interaction Revisited
An Introduction to Epigenetics
Summary
Learning Aids

Part II. Research Design and Methods

Chapter 8. Getting Started: Basic Skills for Genetics Research
Is Genetic Variation Important for My Trait of Interest?
Using PubMed
Interpreting Existing Literature
Identifying and Selecting Candidate Genes and Polymorphisms
Using Genome Databases
Summary
Learning Aids

Chapter 9. Issues in Study Design and Analysis
How Genetics Necessarily Alters Study Design
Typical Study Designs
Subject Recruitment
Geographical Ancestry
Special Focus: Race in Genetics
Prospective Versus Retrospective
Statistical Approaches
Interpretation of Results: Association versus Cause and Effect
Summary
Learning Aids

Chapter 10. Basic Laboratory Methods in Genetics
DNA from Blood or Cheek Cells
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Genotyping with Restriction Enzymes
Genotyping with Fluorescent Tags
Special Focus: DNA Microarrays
DNA Sequencing
Summary
Learning Aids

Part III. Current Findings and Extensions of Genetics Research

Chapter 11. Current Research Findings in the Genetics of Exercise Science and Health
Overview of Current Findings
Special Focus: The Human Gene Map for Performance and Health-Related Fitness Phenotypes
ACTN3 and Muscular Performance
ApoE and Cognitive Impairment
ACE and Sport Performance
Myostatin and Muscle Mass
Summary
Learning Aids

Chapter 12. Personalized Medicine
Genetics and Complex Disease Revisited
Promise and Limitations of Personalized Medicine
Special Focus: Pharmacogenomics
Genetics in Nutrition and Exercise Prescription
Genetics in Disease Prevention
Summary
Learning Aids

Chapter 13. Ethical Challenges in Genetics and Society
Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications of Genomics Gene Therapy for Disease Treatment
Special Focus: Stem Cells
Genetics in Sport: Genetic Testing and Gene Doping for Performance
Summary
Learning Aids

Appendix A: Answers to Review Questions
Appendix B: Evolution and Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
Glossary
Bibliography
Index
About the Author

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